Tagged CAT

11 days to CAT 2015 | Grammar traps 2

In the next few articles, we will be covering commonly found grammar traps. These will help you crack sentence correction questions. Read these and be a grammar wizard!

Tip 13: Collective nouns wherein the group acts as one are considered to be singular. Example: The jury has agreed to review its decision.

Tip 14: Collective nouns wherein the group does not act as one are considered to be plural. Example: The audience were not happy with the verdict.

Tip 15: In case of organizations/teams, even if there is an additive in the name (and), it should be singular although, if the action suggests that a group of individuals took an action, it should be plural in form. Example: Mumbai Indians is one of most balanced outfits in the IPL. Mehta & Sons have decided to no longer be a part of the deal.

Tip 16: A noun that expresses an amount be it in terms of time, money, etc. is considered singular. Example: 100 meters is enough to figure out the fastest runner on the planet. Three months is enough time to prepare for CAT.

Tip 17: A part of the whole (ratios, majority, minority, etc.) will take a verb dependent on the nature of the whole. Example: Two-thirds of the interested students have turned up. A part of the office is closed.

Tip 18: If there is a phrase ‘The number’ in the sentence, it will take a singular verb, if there is a phrase ‘A number’ in the sentence, it will take a plural verb. Example: A number of students are missing from the class. The number of aspirants taking CAT has gone up in the last few years.

Tip 19: In case of the phrase ‘One of’, the verb usage depends completely on the phrase following ‘one of’. You have to ask the question ‘Who?’ or ‘What?’ to the verb and you should be sorted. Example: One of my dresses is missing from the cabinet. He is one of those who believe in the importance of hard work.

Tip 20: Relative pronouns (that, which, who) will take on the verb form of the subject that these pronouns refer to. This is similar to the case of ‘One of’.

Tip 21: Each, every, either, neither are always singular when they start the sentence. If they come in between, they will have an accompanying plural verb. Example: Each of you is expected to do well in CAT. Ten grams each of tea and cinnamon were required to make the potion.

Tip 22: All, any, more, most, some will depend on the phrase following of. If it is singular, the verb will take a singular form, if it is plural the verb will take a plural form.

Tip 23: The titles of publications are always singular

Tip 24: Anybody, everybody, nobody, somebody are always used in a singular context. Example: The state boys figure I’m too close to you to be what somebody calls ‘objective’.


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12 days to CAT 2015 | Grammar traps 1

In the next few articles, we will be covering commonly found grammar traps. These will help you crack sentence correction questions. Read these and be a grammar wizard!

Tip 1: A simple, direct sentence would definitely be better than a twisted account of things. In case two sentences are grammatically correct, choose the one which expresses the central idea in a clearer manner.

Tip 2: A verb should agree with the subject in number. A pronoun should agree with the antecedent noun in number

Tip 3: Find the true subject in a sentence and not the intermediate pseudo subjects while ensuring agreement with the verb. Example: The person with six fingers has requested for a room.

Tip 4: Where there is an ‘and’ there should be a plural verb.

Tip 5: Phrases implying addition (along with, with, together with, besides, including, as well as, etc.) do not alter the status of the main subject. Example: (Ram, along with his friends, is going to the party.

Tip 6: If the subject is made up of two parts, unequal in number, the verb takes the form of the part closer to it. Example: Not only the secretary but also the tenants have agreed to vote in favour of the bill. OR Not only have the tenants but also the secretary has agreed to vote in favour of the bill.

Tip 7: Two singular subjects connected by either, neither, or would result into a singular verb form. Example: Neither Salman nor Aamir has agreed to host the show.

Tip 8: There are a few nouns that look plural but essentially mean one thing. Example: tactics, electronics, news, etc. These will take singular verbs.

Tip 9: The verbs which connect the subject to the rest of the sentence (called linking verbs) agree with the subject and not the rest of the sentence. Example: Your plans for the wedding sound nice.

Tip 10: The nouns which have no singular form always take a plural verb. Examples: proceeds, goods, ashes, credentials, etc.

Tip 11: Collective nouns which have no plural form but are always used in a plural sense always take a plural verb. Examples: alphabet, poultry, cattle, offspring, etc. To get this sense, understand the subject phrase completely. It will always be an indicator if the sense of the subject is singular or plural.

Tip 12: Collective nouns that have no plural form and are always used in a singular sense always take a singular verb. Examples: hair, tissue, furniture, abuse, poetry, prose, etc.


You can read the entire 75 days to CAT 2015 by clicking here.

13 days to CAT 2015 | Commonly confused words – Set 5

The following is a list of commonly confused words that would be helpful in identifying grammatically erroneous sentences, choosing the appropriate word and fill in the blanks type of questions:

81. Its, it’s
Its: possessive form of ‘it’
It’s: contraction of ‘it is’

82. Eminent, imminent
Eminent: well-known, important
Imminent: about to happen, impending

83. Plate, plait
Plate: a flat dish
Plait: a formation of interlaced strands of hair

84. Fare, fair, fear
Fear: unpleasant emotion caused due to a threat
Fair: equal, light complexioned
Fare: charge, quality of performance

85. Lose, loose
Lose: unable to win
Loose: not tight

86. Principal, principle
Principal: first in order, main
Principle: fundamental truth or a law

87. Former, formal
Former: the one before
Formal: done in accordance with convention

88. Formerly, formally
Formerly: in the past
Formally: adhering to convention

89. Forth, Fourth
Forth: away from the starting point
Fourth: adjective form of four

90. Diary, dairy
Diary: a notebook used to record events
Dairy: a place where milk and milk products are processed or stored

91. Counsel, Console, council
Counsel: formal advice, a practitioner of law
Console: comfort someone (verb); a small cabinet (noun)
Council: an administrative body of people

92. Dissent, descent
Dissent: disagreement with common notions
Descent: come down from a previous position

93. Coarse, course
Coarse: rough
Course: a path taken

94. Corps, corpse, crops
Corps: a division of the army
Corpse: a dead body
Crops: cultivated plants

95. Conscious, conscience
Conscious: aware
Conscience: a moral sense of right and wrong

96. Hear, here
Hear: the sense of hearing
Here: at a particular place

97. Heard, herd
Heard: the past tense of hear
Herd: a group of animals, usually cattle

98. Stationary, stationery
Stationary: not in motion
Stationery: pertaining to writing and other office materials

99. Cloth, clothe
Cloth: garment
Clothe: the act of putting clothes on someone

100. Altogether, all together
Altogether: completely
All together: all in a group


 

You can read the entire 75 days to CAT 2015 by clicking here.

14 days to CAT 2015 | Commonly confused words – Set 4

The following is a list of commonly confused words that would be helpful in identifying grammatically erroneous sentences, choosing the appropriate word and fill in the blanks type of questions:

61. Straight, strut
Straight: not bent or curved
Strut: walk with a stiff, arrogant gait

62. Peddle, pedal
Peddle: sell or promote
Pedal: foot-operated device used to propel a vehicle

63. Your, you are (you’re), yore
Your: possessive form of ‘you’
You’re: contraction of ‘you are’
Yore: a thing of the past

64. Weak, week
Weak: not healthy
Week: duration amounting to seven consecutive days

65. Sense, since
Sense: sight, smell, hearing, taste or touch
Since: from a time mentioned till the present

66. Piece, peace
Piece: a part
Peace: freedom from disturbance, tranquility

67. Lightning, lightening
Lightning: naturally occurring sudden electrical discharge usually accompanied by rain (noun); quick (adjective)
Lightening: to make something lighter

68. Cite, sight, site, scythe
Cite: quote
Sight: the sense of seeing
Site: a designated place
Scythe: a tool used to cut through crops

69. Weather, whether, wither
Weather: state of the atmosphere
Whether: a choice between alternatives
Wither: become dry, decay

70. Proceed, precede
Proceed: begin or continue
Precede: come before

71. Personal, personnel
Personal: belonging to an individual
Personnel: team of employees

72. Later, latter
Later: at a future point in time
Latter: the second of two things mentioned

73. Elicit, illicit
Elicit: evoke, draw out
Illicit: forbidden by law

74. Knew, new
Knew: past tense of know
New: recent

75. Pique, peak, peek
Pique: irritation (noun), thought provoking (verb)
Peak: the topmost point
Peek: quick look

76. Dye, die
Dye: colour
Die: cease to live

77. Ordnance, ordinance
Ordnance: branch of government dealing with weapons/military
Ordinance: an order

78. Further, farther
Further: figuratively at a greater distance
Farther: literally at a greater distance

79. Know, no
Know: be aware of
No: negative

80. Plane, plain
Plane: a flat surface
Plain: simple


You can read the entire 75 days to CAT 2015 by clicking here.

15 days to CAT 2015 | Commonly confused words – Set 3

The following is a list of commonly confused words that would be helpful in identifying grammatically erroneous sentences, choosing the appropriate word and fill in the blanks type of questions:

41. Wont, won’t
Wont: habit
Won’t: will not

42. Right, write, rite, riot
Right: correct, pertaining to a direction
Write: mark on a surface
Rite: a religious ceremony
Riot: disturbance of peace

43. Buy, bye, by
Buy: make a purchase
Bye: go from one round to the next without facing an opponent
By: identifying the agent performing the action

44. Hoard, horde
Hoard: store in advance
Horde: a gathering of people

45. Capitol, capital
Capitol: a building out of which, a government operates
Capital: a city or town that houses the administrative center of a region, wealth

46. Break, brake
Break: separate
Brake: a device to slow down a vehicle (noun); the process of slowing down a moving vehicle (verb)

47. Gorilla, guerilla
Gorilla: the largest living primate, ape
Guerrilla: a small faction that is at war with a significantly larger group and operating in the form of short, surprise attacks

48. Miner, minor, manor
Miner: a person who works at a mine
Minor: lesser in importance (adjective), underage (noun)
Manor: a house

49. Waist, waste
Waist: past of human body below the ribs and above the hips
Waste: unproductive

50. Rational, rationale
Rational: logical (adjective)
Rationale: a set of reasons for a course of action (noun)

51. Whole, hole
Whole: complete
Hole: a gap

52. Reverend, reverent
Reverend: a title for the members of the clergy
Reverent: respectful

53. Two, too
Two: a couple
Too: more than permissible; in addition to

54. Whose, who’s
Whose: belonging to an entity
Who’s: a contraction of ‘who is’

55. Thorough, through, threw
Thorough: detailed
Through: go from one end to another
Threw: past tense of throw

56. Witch, which
Witch: a woman with magic powers
Which: asking for information

57. Scene, seen
Scene: a place where events (real life or otherwise) occur
Seen: past tense of see

58. Patients, patience
Patients: a person registered to receive medical treatment
Patience: capacity to tolerate/accept

59. Accede, exceed
Accede: agree to a request
Exceed: to be greater than

60. Wave, waive
Wave: greeting signal, a body of water curling into arched form
Waive: give up


You can read the entire 75 days to CAT 2015 by clicking here.

16 days to CAT 2015 | Commonly confused words – Set 2

The following is a list of commonly confused words that would be helpful in identifying grammatically erroneous sentences, choosing the appropriate word and fill in the blanks type of questions:

21. Amoral, immoral
Amoral: lack of a moral sense
Immoral: not in accordance to the acceptable standards of morality

22. Dominant, dominate
Dominant: having power/influence over others
Dominate: an entity that is dominant

23. Assistant, assistance
Assistant: helper
Assistance: help

24. Allude, elude, allusion, elusion, illusion
Allude: to make indirect reference to
Elude: avoid
Allusion: indirect reference
Elusion: avoidance
Illusion: misleading appearance

25. Already, all ready
Already: by this time
All ready: fully prepared

26. Bore, boar
Bore: past tense of bear, drill a hole into, dull
Boar: a wild, male pig

27. Maybe, may be
Maybe (adverb): possibly (You can meet him, maybe on a Sunday)
May be (verbal construction): possibly (He may be in the office today)

28. Beside, besides
Beside: next to
Besides: in addition to

29. Allot, a lot
Allot: to divide
A lot: many

30. Breathe, breath
Breathe: the process of breathing
Breath: the air taken into the lungs for the process of breathing

31. Dessert, desert
Dessert: a sweet dish served at the end of a meal
Desert: a dry, barren land devoid of vegetation (noun); abandon (verb)

32. Quiet, quite
Quiet: silent
Quite: absolute/complete

33. Angel, angle
Angel: supernatural being, good person
Angle: shape made by joining 2 straight lines

34. Our, hour, are
Our: possessive form of ‘we’
Hour: sixty minutes, a point in time
Are: plural form of “to be”

35. Board, bored
Board: a flat surface
Bored: dull, uninterested

36. Chose, choose
Chose: past tense of choose
Choose: select

37. Raise, race, raze
Raise: increase (noun), bring up (verb)
Race: competition, a geographically isolated group of individuals
Raze: destroy

38. Humane, human
Humane: compassion, benevolence
Human: relating to mankind

39. Then, than
Then: at a point in time either at that very instant or later
Than: introduction of a second element in a comparison

40. Borne, born
Borne: carried/transported
Born: result of birth


You can read the entire 75 days to CAT 2015 by clicking here.

17 days to CAT 2015 | Commonly confused words – Set 1

The following is a list of commonly confused words that would be helpful in identifying grammatically erroneous sentences, choosing the appropriate word and fill in the blanks type of questions:

1. Sympathy, empathy, apathy
Sympathy: feelings of pity and sorrow
Empathy: experience of understanding another person’s condition from their perspective
Apathy: lack of concern

2. Compliment, complement
Compliment: praise
Complement: something that completes

3. Confectionery, confectionary
Confectionery: sweet items selling shop
Confectionary: sweet items

4. Strait, straight
Strait: a naturally formed, narrow, typically navigable waterway that connects two larger bodies of water
Straight: in a single direction, without a bend

5. Rode, road
Rode: past tense of ride
Road: a path

6. Accept, except, expect
Accept: tolerate or submit to
Except: other than
Expect: regard as likely to happen

7. Moral, morale, mural
Moral: concerned with principles of right and wrong behaviour
Morale: confidence, enthusiasm, and discipline
Mural: work of art involving a wall

8. Advice, advise
Advice (noun): opinion or recommendation
Advise (verb): to offer advice

9. Lead, led
Lead: initiate, be in the first place (noun); be a route/means (verb)
Led: past and past participle form of lead

10. Alter, altar
Alter: to change
Altar: sacred platform or place

11. Canvass, canvas
Canvass: garner votes, propose and idea
Canvas: a variant of cloth used as a surface to paint

12. Metal, mettle
Metal: an element which is strong, shiny, and can be moulded into sheets and wires
Mettle: spirit, resilience

13. Rain, reign, rein
Rain: condensed moisture that falls from the sky
Reign: rule
Rein: a strap used to control an animal

14. Taut, taught
Taut: tight
Taught: past tense of teach

15. Adverse, averse, everse, subverse, perverse
Adverse: unfavorable
Averse: opposed to
Everse: to overthrow
Subversive: intending to overthrow an established order
Perverse: contrary to the accepted or expected standard

16. Respectfully, respectively
Respectfully: courteous and considerate
Respectively: in an order previously mentioned

17. Their, there, they are
Their: belonging to those who have been mentioned previously
There: a location in space
They are: a contraction of ‘they’re’

18. Meat, mate, mete, meet
Meat: flesh/food of any kind
Mate: partner
Mete: give out measured justice
Meet: gathering (noun); join/touch (verb)

19. Affect, effect
Affect: to influence (verb); emotional response (noun)
Effect: result (noun); to cause (verb)

20. Aisle, isle
Aisle: space between rows
Isle: island


You can read the entire 75 days to CAT 2015 by clicking here.

18 days to CAT 2015 | Chinese remainder theorem

In this post, we will look at Chinese remainder theorem.

When a^n mod b is given such that a and b are co prime and b can be expressed as a product of two prime numbers m and p, you can find individual remainders for division of a^n by m and p and then equate the two. Such that mx+c=ny+d where c and d are remainders obtained through calculation. Let’s look at this example:

9^2013 mod 77 = ?

9^2013 mod 7 and 9^2013 mod 11

2^2013 mod 7 and -2^2013 mod 11

8 mod 7 and 36 mod 11

7a+1 = 11b+3

7a-11b=2 => 7a=2+11b => 11b gives remainder of 5 => b=1; r=4; b=2, r=1, b=3, r=5 …

a=5, b=3

Number is 36

7^6666 mod 65

7^6666 mod 13 and 7^6666 mod 5

7^6 mod 13 and 2^6666 mod 5

13a+12 and 5b+4

5b-13a=8

5b=8+13a => 13a should leave remainder of 2. a=1, r=3, a=2, r=1, a=3, r=4, a=4, r=2

So, number is 64.

Go through the following videos to understand the concept behind Chinese remainder theorem and look at solved examples.

Part 1

Part 2

You can read the entire 75 days to CAT 2015 by clicking here.

19 days to CAT 2015 | Mixed Progressions

In this article, we will be looking at mixed progressions. Before watching these videos, go through our article on Arithmetic Progression and Geometric Progression.

Part 1

Part 2

You can read the entire 75 days to CAT 2015 by clicking here. Happy learning! :)

20 days to CAT 2015 | Quick quant

We are back with another set of CAT questions. Try to solve this set in five minutes.

Q.1 Consider four-digit numbers for which the first two digits are equal and the last two digits are also equal. How many such numbers are perfect squares? (CAT 2007)
(1) 3 (2) 2 (3) 4 (4) 0 (5) 1

Q.2 Consider the set S = {1, 2, 3… 1000}. How many arithmetic progressions can be formed from the elements of S that start with 1 and end with 1000 and have at least three elements. (CAT 2006)
(1) 3 (2) 4 (3) 6 (4) 7 (5) 8

Q.3 Using only 2, 5, 10, 25 and 50 paise coins, what will be the minimum number of coins required to pay exactly 78 paise, 69 paise, and Re. 1.01 to three different persons? (CAT 2003)
(1) 19 (2) 20 (13) 17 (4) 18

Q.4 and Q.5 Let S be the set of all pairs (i, j) where 1 ≤ i ≤ j < n and n ≥ 4. Any two distinct members of S are called “friends” if they have one constituent of the pairs in common and “enemies” otherwise. For example, if n = 4, then S = {(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4)}. Here, (1, 2) and (1, 3) are friends, (1,2) and (2, 3) are also friends, but (1,4) and (2, 3) are enemies. 

Q.4 For general n, how many enemies will each member of S have? (CAT 2007)

Options

Q.5 For general n, consider any two members of S that are friends. How many other members of S will be common friends of both these members? (CAT 2007)

Options 2

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